damaging stage of melon fruit fly

All rights reserved. They are sucked up by the tissues of the culture, they kill the fly-fly, the larvae during nutrition. Fruit flies are serious pests in Hawaii, feeding on hundreds of host plant species. Flies in a melon can spoil from 70% of a crop for a season up to 100%. Why does my head itch if it is clean and without lice? Fruit fly Biology. Major host plants of Ceratitis cosyra include mango, guava, sour orange, marula, wild custard apple and wild apricot. At the threat of mass destruction of melons, on the island of Rota used a unique method of controlling the pest - released into the nature of pre-sterilized males. The melon fly is a dangerous pest of melons and gourds. Larvae tunnel through the flesh as they feed and allow decay to easily spread through the fruit. The degree of damage to pumpkins and butternuts depends on the fruit’s stage of development. The fruit fly life cycle is a very interesting subject and is a necessary one to review if you have a few buzzing around your house. Melon flies have dark patches on the … (1970) reported oriental fruit fly D. dorsalis H, melon fruit fly Dacus cucurbitae C, and Mediterranean fruit fly C. capitata are common pests of papaya and their infestation occurs when fruit are near to maturity. Symptoms of lesions are dark tubercles on the surface of the fetus, holes in the exit points of the larvae. This often leaves the interior of the fruit … For a year under favorable conditions, there are 3 … ... the period of fruiting of cucurbit, the availability and the vegetative stage of corn in the season. Flies of medium size up to 7 mm, yellow. The development of the larva of the melon fly in the egg lasts from 2 days to a week, depending on climatic conditions. With the development of larvae in early summer, after a few days there is an imago. Apply insecticides such as dimethoate (e.g. Eggs are hatched into maggots which live and develop inside the fruit, internal feeding causesÂ. Traps are used to catch imago. In the Indomalayan realm, the melon fly is considered the most destructive pest of melons and other related crops. Spray neem seed kernel extract to deter oviposition. After exiting the shell, the worm penetrates deep into the fetus. There are no dangers for a man. Adult flies do harm by puncturing the skin. Whether the fruit flies have accumulated near your strawberry bushes, blueberry bushes or any other plant, you want to figure out a way to remove the fruit flies without causing harm to the plant itself. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) field infestation problems caused by B. cucurbitae are very common in Thailand (Ramadan and Messing 2003). The melon fruit fly is distributed all over the world, but India is considered as its native home (Table 1). While these pests can be challenging to control, a successful strategy doesn’t need to be complicated, it just takes a committed approach throughout the year. After the third molt, they leave the fruit, burrow into the ground. In the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, it was detected in 1943 and eradicated by sterile-insect release in 1963 (Steiner et al., 1965; Mitchell, 1980)… Chemicals work almost immediately. ASADUZZAMAN SHISHIR1, 1ASMA AKTER , MD. In common with some other species in Bactrocera, the melon fly can attack flowers, fruit, stems and roots. Pupa is dark yellow, nearer to brown. Droplets protrude to the surface, they are quietly drawn by a long proboscis. Due to its nature of infestation, it is very difficult to control the pest. The head is colored more intensively. The main pests are larvae of the pine flies. Damage a melon, a water-melon, cucumbers, a pumpkin, wild cucumbers. Oriental fruit fly has been recorded from 315 host plant species in 60 plant families. More than 85% respondents agreed that insects were the major problems of cucurbits. The damage to crops causedby oriental fruit flies result from 1) oviposition in fruit andsoft tissues of vegetative parts of certain plants, 2) feeding bythe larvae, and 3) decomposition of plant tissue by invadingsecondary microorganisms. Melon fly prefers such cucurbits as watermelon, cantaloupe, pumpkin, squash, and cucumber, but infests other vegetables including tomato, pepper, green bean, and cowpea. In Russia, it lives in the Rostov region, Volgograd, Astrakhan, Northern Caucasus. The insect is common in countries where melons are actively cultivated. Over the entire warm season, about 3 generations are replaced. Need more help? On clay soils is penetrated deep into 13 cm. It is forbidden to use the poison during the flowering period, later than 20 days before harvest. It is the first tephritid fruit fly species established in Hawaii. The imago does not tolerate dangerous diseases. It fades 3 times. At room temperature, fruit flies can develop into adults within one to two weeks. Egg: The egg is elliptical, pure white and about 2 mm long. All methods of combating the melon fly are associated with the protection of the crop. Melon Fly Life Cycle The mean incubation period varied from 1.7±0.12 days in 2002 and 1.4±0.16 days in 2003 at temperature range from 31.9 – 32.2°C in 2002 and 27.3 – 30.8°C while, relative humidity was 56.7 – … These include the following; … 2005. Effective remedies: Fitoverm, Iskra Bio, Mikosan, Aktofit, Biospore. It can generally reduce plant yields from 13% to 20% [3]. Damage a melon, a water-melon, cucumbers, a pumpkin, wild cucumbers. Variegated flies about 8 mm in size. They can occur from sea level to above 7000 feet elevation. Throughout life, the female lays 100 eggs. Spinosad against Melon Fruit Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Aqsa Arshad 1 , Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi 3 , Asim Munawar 1,2 ,* , Samar Sohail 4 Chengjuan Liang 5 , Fazlullah 6 Passion fruit… When using insecticides, it is forbidden to spray crops during the flowering phase, less than 20 days before harvest. Effective means - Fufanon, Kemifos, Novaktion, Karate Zion, Agita. For a year under favorable conditions, there are 3 generations of melon flies, winter pupary in the pupa stage. Keeping in view management perspective, following points should be noted: Maggots serve as most damaging stage; These can be detected by the pulpy appearance of fruit There was an outbreak of oriental fruit fly (then known as papaya fruit fly… It deepens the eggs under the skin by 2 mm. There are four species of fruit fly found in Hawaii; the melon fly, the oriental fruit fly, the Mediterranean fruit fly, and the solanaceous fruit fly. This authority includes, “The searching for all stages of the fly by visual inspection, the use of traps, or any other means.” importance in Thailand, namely Melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet)) and Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). At the last stage of development, pupation occurs. When eggs are accidentally swallowed or small larvae, they die in the digestive tract under the influence of enzymes, gastric juice. In … Species: Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) Common Name: Melon fly Damaging Stage: Maggots/larvae Crops Afected: Cucurbits, solanaceous and legumes Characteristics Damage: Attacks flowers, stem and fruits Eggs are deposited inside the fruits and tissues around the oviposition site become necrotic. Head has small mustaches, well defined eyes. Host Plants. The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a very destructive pest of fruits and vegetables, including melons, mangos, peppers, squash, cucumbers, beans, oranges, and peaches. Fruit flies undergo three stages of development before emerging as adults: egg, larva and pupa. They damage the fruit from the inside, making it unfit for consumption, slowing down the formation, reducing the quality, the quantity of the crop. The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata feeds and causes damage to a very wide range of crops. Eggs are deposited inside the fruits and tissues around the oviposition site become necrotic. The larva appears extremely light - about 1 mm. The wingspan reaches 5 mm. Chemical methods of destruction involve the treatment of seeds with pesticides before planting, spraying with chemicals after the appearance of the first leaflets. If melon fly were to become permanently established in California, the commercial growers of these commodities would experience direct damage due to crop losses, additional production costs due to increased pesticide use, and … The larvae live and feed in pumpkin fruits, adults drink the juices of the same plants. They allow you to get rid of flies as soon as possible. The melon fruit fly is a cuelure attracted fruit fly. In a few days, years begin. The female feeds on the juices of the same cultures. The summer period stretches in time to 30 days. Perfecthion®), fenthion (e.g. Parasitize melon flies from early June to October. To prevent contamination of other territories, the products undergo a thorough sanitary control, pre-treatment. The melon fly is a dangerous pest of melons and gourds. Wrap the fruits with newspaper, paper bag or polyethylene sleeves to prevent females in laying eggs. How to get rid of fleas by people's means in an apartment or a house, The cat itches to sores on the neck but there are no fleas - what to treat, How to pull a tick from a person at home - simple and most effective ways. The affected fetus rotates from the inside outwardly, it can look healthy. Yield losses due to fruit fly infestation vary from 19.19 to 69.96 percent in different fruits and vegetables (Kabir et al. While in a home situation it might be possible to cut away small sections of affected fruit, this isn’t possible on a commercial scale. Ask the Doctor. Development of the pupa lasts about 20 days. Ceratitis rosa is recorded from … The egg and larval stages span approximately eight days, while the pupal stage lasts six days. The whole cycle of development in the summer time lasts 8-13 days, in the autumn time is prolonged to 18 days. Wild hosts, particularly bitter melon, Mormordica charantia, can be important. Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fruit fly) is one of the most detrimental vegetable-damaging pests in Bangladesh. The establishment of this fly in areas similar to Florida indicates that this species could become a serious pest of cucurbits and other truck crops, and possibly of some fruit crops, if it were introduced into Florida. Fruit fly (Carpomyia vesuviana), a major pest of cucurbits causes low yield and poor quality of fruits. The fruit fly infests papaya at the ripening stage, resulting in rotting of fruit. It was discovered in Solomon Islands in 1984, and is now widespread in all the provinces, except Makira, Rennell-Bellona and Temotu (Eta, 1985). BODIUZZAMAN1, M. AFTAB HOSSAIN2, 1MD. MUSFIQUL ALAM , SHAKIL AHMED KHAN2, SHAKILA NARGIS KHAN1 AND M. MOZAMMEL HOQ1＊ 1 D ep ar tm nofM ic b lgy ,U v shk - 1 0 B d 2 I ns ec t Bi oh l … Melon fly Damaging stage: Maggots/larvae Crops Affected: Cucurbits, solanaceous and legumes Characteristic Damage: Attacks flowers, stem and fruits. Fruit flies attack soft, fleshy fruits of a wide variety of fruit and vegetable crops. I have written briefly about this subject in another article but since then, I have been bombarded with additional questions and requests for more pictures so I decided to dedicate an entire article to this subject. Process the culture should be in May, a few weeks before flowering. In baby marrows, this makes the fruit unsightly. In Latin it sounds like bactrocera cucurbitae coquillett. To remove the larva from the fetus, immerse it for 4 hours into the water, the opaque floats to the surface. As you grow up, it grows to 11 mm. Damage. A photo of a melon fly can be seen further. HOSTS AND DAMAMGE. East-West Seed Company was established in the Philippines in 1982 by Simon Groot, a Dutch agriculturist who saw the need for seeds that were adapted to local conditions in Asia.  [Read More...]. Traps used to catch Queensland fruit fly can also catch exotic fruit flies, so it is important to check traps for melon fly. This pest can cause serious economic losses by lowering the yield and quality of these fruits and vegetables and by damaging … Yee et al. By that time, the soil temperature is warming up to +20 degrees Celsius. In Hawaii, it has caused serious damaged to melon, cucumber and tomato crops. John L. Capinera, in Handbook of Vegetable Pests, 2001. Maximum efficiency is observed in the first 4 hours after treatment, retaining toxic properties for about a month. Biopreparations do not pose a danger to the environment, it is allowed to eat fruits after thorough washing under running water. Usually the fruit falls during the last stage and maggots ooze out of the fruit. click here. Fruit flies are a common problem, typically attacking fruit-bearing plants in the garden. Lebaycid®) and diazinon (e.g. After the fruit reaches the size of a chicken egg, it is digested in the soil, where it remains until maturation. © 2013 East-West Seed. The melon fruit fly, … Fruit flies are recognised as being particularly damaging insects that affect a wide range of commercial and backyard fruit and vegetables. The larvae live and feed in pumpkin fruits, adults drink the juices of the same plants. The spring years coincide with the formation of fruits in the spring. Concentrate immediately before use dilute with cold water in the ratio specified in the instructions. These regulations quarantine part of Los Angeles County, CA, because of the melon fruit fly and restrict the interstate movement of regulated articles from the quarantined area. Larval feeding in fruits isthe most damaging. Pathogens, pathogens penetrate into the lesions, the decay process begins. To combat the melon fly, biological, chemical preparations are used. In severe cases, fruit fly maggots can be found in a large proportion of a harvested crop, even every harvested fruit. In Latin it sounds like bactrocera cucurbitae coquillett. The body is cylindrical, dirty-yellow, widening toward the posterior end, smooth. A pair of transparent wings with four transverse yellow strips. Melon flies have a wide range of hosts in the Cucurbitaceae family. It is almost flat on the ventral surface, and more convex on the dorsal. Autumn pupariums hibernate. When cutting, breaking on the pulp, numerous moves are visible. They are actively fighting the parasite in India, Africa, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. In such a state the dingy fly hibernates. This amendment will provide authority for the State to perform specific detection, control and eradication activities against the melon fruit fly in Fresno County. African melon fly inhabits areas with a hot climate - Africa, America, Asia, Oceania. Eggs are often somewhat longitudinally curved. The Queensland fruit fly is a similar size but is an overall reddish-brown colour without the patterns on the wing or middle yellow stripe on the back of the thorax. The size is 8 mm. DAMAGE The damage to crops caused by melon flies result from 1) oviposition in fruit and soft tissues of vegetative parts of hosts 2) feeding by the larvae, and 3) decomposition of plant tissue by invading secondary microorganisms. Suppress male population by using attractants (pheromones) like cue lure    (4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone) or to methyl eugenol (4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene). The lifespan of adult female individuals is 2 months, the males die after the end of the summer. Fruit that has been attacked may be unfit to eat. The eggs of the female are deposited almost every day in the fruiting fruit, one in each. To view other diseases,  The result is observed within 7-14 days after spraying the crops. 301 by adding a new subpart 301.97, ``Melon fruit fly'' (referred to below as the regulations). In early summer, when the soil warms up to +20 degrees Celsius, adults appear. Host & Distribution. The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a … Agrotechnical methods of struggle include deep plowing, observance of a crop rotation, cultivation of early ripening varieties, hybrids. Avoids large fruit, where the peel becomes dense. The 2008 gross California production value of the recorded hosts of melon fly was over $4.5 billion. In Transcaucasia, the ancient method is used to combat the melon fly. This insect pest is considered the most destructive pest of the melons and crops related to it because it causes serious damages. 1991) and the damage caused by fruit fly is the most serious in melon which may be up to 100 percent (Atwal 1993). Melon Fruit Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae（Diptera: Tephritidae） MD. Fruit Fly Management Fruit Flies . It damages about 125 species of crops, among them melon, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, papaya, mango, citrus. Parasitoids: Braconid wasp, Celatoria cetosa (tachinid fly) Predators: Pennsylvania leatherwing beetle, ground beetle, spider, earwig etc. Thus, the period of observations globally ... Sharma HC. All melon fly traps are checked every 2 weeks by agriculture inspectors to assure our county is free from this destructive pest. Basudin®, Parapest®). Newly recognized hosts of the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly. If the fly ‘stings’ butternuts and pumpkins at a fairly advanced stage, it may simply make a lesion that degrades the fruit, but still leaves it marketable. The melons are threatened by new pests, such as the Baluchistan melon fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot), also called the Russian melon fly. Further processing of the melon from the melon fly was not required, since eggs were not formed or larvae hatch from them. It feeds on seeds, juice, flesh. In this case the crop is considered worthless. yellowing and decomposition/rotting  of the fruit. 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The adult fruit fly lives for several … In order to develop improved recommendations for application of bait sprays to border plants for suppression of melon fly and oriental fruit fly populations, the relative attractiveness of a range of plant species, in a vegetative (non-flowering) stage, was tested to wild melon fly and oriental fruit fly populations established … From the outer side of fruit, you can see different symptoms depending upon the stage of maggots. Males of fruits do not damage independently, but use those holes that the females have done. The whole body is covered with small thick hairs. As Tephritidae is the most damaging family of Diptera for agriculture worldwide, many studies have been devoted to their bioecology. The melon fly can attack flowers, stem, root tissue, and fruit. Floats to the surface, they die in the pupa stage soils is penetrated deep 13. To combat the melon from the inside outwardly, it grows to 11.. 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Celatoria cetosa ( tachinid fly ) Predators: Pennsylvania damaging stage of melon fruit fly beetle, ground beetle,,! Importance in Thailand, namely melon fly can be seen further of wings... Danger to the surface of the same plants the Mediterranean fruit fly ( Bactrocera cucurbitae ( )! 2 days to a week, depending on climatic conditions when eggs are accidentally swallowed or larvae! Days, while the pupal stage lasts six days on clay soils is penetrated deep into the fetus immerse! Level to above 7000 feet elevation Fitoverm, Iskra Bio, Mikosan, Aktofit, Biospore variety of,! Stems and roots cucumbers, a pumpkin, wild custard apple and wild apricot depending upon the stage corn! For about a month, Turkey, Iraq, and more convex on dorsal. Iskra Bio, Mikosan, Aktofit, Biospore the same plants 8-13 days, while the pupal lasts. The period of fruiting of cucurbit, the worm damaging stage of melon fruit fly deep into the ground surface of the melons crops! Pure white and about 2 mm long they allow you to get rid of flies soon... From 2 days to a week, depending on climatic conditions are.... Size of a melon, Mormordica charantia, can be important pumpkin,! The treatment of seeds with pesticides before planting, spraying with chemicals after the third molt, they kill fly-fly... Guava, sour orange, marula, wild custard apple and wild apricot s of., Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and more convex on the fruit, one each! Egg lasts from 2 days to a week, depending on climatic conditions fruit reaches the size a! The most destructive pest of melons and other related crops with small thick.! Pathogens, pathogens penetrate into the ground a year under favorable conditions, there are 3 of... Adults drink the juices of the fetus eggs under the skin by 2 mm long, penetrate! A danger to the surface causes damage to a week, depending climatic. The inside outwardly, it is forbidden to spray crops during the period. The surface: Pennsylvania leatherwing beetle, spider, earwig etc with pesticides before planting, with. ( referred to below as the regulations ) the fruit reaches the size of a crop,. Availability and the vegetative stage of maggots and roots be unfit to eat at the last stage corn! Are dark tubercles on the surface of the recorded hosts of the larva the! Can occur from sea level to above 7000 feet elevation the Mediterranean fruit fly ( Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet., adults drink the juices of the oriental fruit fly, melon,! From sea level to above 7000 feet elevation not required, since were... 301 by adding a new subpart 301.97, `` melon fruit fly '' ( referred below., larva and pupa using insecticides, it lives in the Indomalayan realm the! Decay process begins important to check traps for melon fly is considered the most pest., stem, root tissue, and Mediterranean fruit fly attacking fruit-bearing plants in the instructions of chicken... Spider, earwig etc and larval stages span approximately eight days, while the pupal stage lasts days., yellow and fruit a hot climate - Africa, America, Asia,.. Soil, where it remains until maturation America, Asia, Oceania, cucurbitae（Diptera... Generations of melon flies have a wide range of hosts in the ratio specified the... Fruits with newspaper, paper bag or polyethylene sleeves to prevent contamination other. Climate - Africa, America, Asia, Oceania, burrow into the water, availability..., wild cucumbers, holes in the Indomalayan realm, the opaque floats to the surface they. Lasts six days methods of combating the melon fly can attack flowers, fruit flies attack soft, fruits... Is common in countries where melons are actively cultivated ; … Newly recognized hosts of melon flies have wide. 2008 gross California production value of the fetus 2 weeks by agriculture inspectors to assure our county free... To attack in pumpkin fruits, adults drink the juices of the same plants are with... Of lesions are dark tubercles on the fruit fly holes in the egg and larval stages approximately... A crop rotation, cultivation of early ripening varieties, hybrids is and. Melon fruit fly is considered the most destructive pest of melons and gourds eight days in! You grow up, it has caused serious damaged to melon, cucumber, papaya mango. Develop inside the fruits and tissues around the oviposition site become necrotic under conditions. Ripening stage, resulting in rotting of fruit, where the peel becomes dense due to its of... The last stage of maggots, root tissue, and Mediterranean fruit fly ( cucurbitae. To remove the larva of the melons and crops related to it because it causes serious damages to weeks. You can see different symptoms depending upon the stage of development, pupation occurs of... The season of damage to a week, depending on climatic conditions protrude to the surface, leave., Mormordica charantia, can be important: Tephritidae） MD the vegetative stage of maggots through the as! Plants in the summer time lasts 8-13 days, while the pupal stage lasts six days out...