It is probably the single most famous of the so-called critical texts, … Biblical Studies • Nov 01, 2017. John Bunyan. For our purposes here, the term textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the Greek New Testament published by Robertus Stephanus. The Westcott and Hort text are two texts found in a trash can and they disagree with one another thousands of times. He wrote, This received text contains undoubtedly all the essential facts and doctrines intended to be set down by the inspired writers; for if it were corrected with the severest hand, by the light of the most divergent various readings found in any ancient MS. or version, not a single doctrine of Christianity, nor a single cardinal fact would be thereby expunged....If all the debated readings were surrendered by us, no fact or doctrine of Christianity would thereby be invalidated, and least of all would the doctrine of Christ's proper divinity be deprived of adequate scriptural support. Unfortunately, the copy of the Vulgate he used read "book of life," unlike any Greek manuscript of the passage, and so Erasmus introduced a "unique" Greek reading into his text. Revised edition). The title page states,"a modern-language translation of the Westcott-Hort Greek Text.". It doesn't have to be David Cloud. First, what is meant by the term "superior"? This may seem an unnecessary question since it might be supposed that all would agree on the answer, namely, the superior Greek New Testament is that one which most closely preserves and presents the precise original wording of the original Greek writings of the New Testament. Davor war er der Text der griechischen Gemeinde und der frühen Gemeinde gewesen. Many think that by questioning the KJO position that they are questioning the Bible itself and thus questioning God and therefore they would not want to compromise by even reading Kutilek. In fact, to make a selection on such a basis is much beside the point. Sorry. http://www.wayoflife.org/database/are_modern_versions_westcott_hort.html. It needs to be stated clearly that the text of Westcott and Hort was not the first printed Greek Testament that deliberately and substantially departed from the textus receptus on the basis of manuscript evidence. (20) All scholars today recognize this as being an extreme and unwarranted point of view. 21. of that Friend On whom for heaven my hopes depend! 18. 22. Kurt Aland, et al., editors, The Greek New Testament (London: United Bible Societies, 1966), preface, p. 5. (11). A second-century date for the Peshitta used to be advocated, but study of the Biblical quotations in the writings of Syrian Fathers Aphraates and Ephraem has demonstrated that neither of these leaders used the Peshitta, and so it must date from after their time, i.e., to the late fourth century or after. However, God in His providence did not choose to protect that infallible original text from alterations and corruptions in the copying and printing process. Many attempts have been made (even as early as the second century A.D.) to sort through the manuscripts of the New Testament and weed out the errors and mistakes of copyists, in order to restore the text to its original apostolic form. The Greek text followed by the Revisers was compiled and published in 1882 in an edition with the KJV and ERV in parallel columns (12). Ashamed of Jesus! Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892). Even advocates and defenders of the supremacy of the Byzantine over the Alexandrian text agree in this assessment. For our purposes here, the term textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the Greek New Testament published by Robertus Stephanus. Canon and Text of the New Testament (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1907), p. 527. Something that has always bothered me about the argument supporting the critical text is that available extant manuscripts are older, therefore they must be closer to the originals. One of these readings is the famous I John 5:7. J. L. Dagg, A Manual of Theology (Harrisonburg, Va.: Gano, 1982 reprint of 1857 edition), pp.24, 25. “The Westcott and Hort Text changes the Textus Receptus in over 5,600 places. We do, or should do, this very thing in reading commentaries and theology books. The only English Bible translation currently in print that the writer is aware of which is based on the Westcott-Hort text is the New World Translation of the Jehovah's Witnesses. You don’t have to read very much in contemporary, fundamentalist, Baptist literature to come across warnings about the "King James only contr The Westcott and Hort text is much simpler to define. Some writers calculate the differences between the two texts at something over 5,000, though in truth a large number of these are so insignificant as to make no difference in the resulting English translation. Westcott and Hort Vs. Textus Receptus: Which Is Superior Hardcover – April 1, 1996 by Douglas Kutilek (Author) 4.4 out of 5 stars 7 ratings. Jahrhunderts zu finden ist und sich in der Folge im Westen für lange Zeit durchgesetzt hat. Their premise is that the doctrine of the preservation of Scripture requires that the early manuscripts cannot point to the original text better than the later manuscripts can, because these early manuscripts are in the minority.Pickering also seems to embrace such a doctrine. Without making an actual count, I would estimate the really substantial variations to be only a few hundred at most. 6 See the listing of papyrus manuscripts in Bruce M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. 11. Westcott and Hort Vs. Textus Receptus: Which Is Superior: Douglas Kutilek: 9780944788455: Books - Amazon.ca 17. Westcott and Hort were preceded in the late 1700s by Griesbach, and in the 1800s by Lachmann, Alford, Tregelles, and Tischendorf (and others), all of whose texts made numerous revisions in the textus receptus on the basis of manuscript evidence; these texts, especially the last three named, are very frequently in agreement with Westcott and Hort, against the textus receptus. Textus Receptus (d. h. der „anerkannte Text“, der zur Reformationszeit vorlag) oder durch moderne wissenschaftliche Ausgaben wie etwa der Nestle-Aland richtig wiedergeben wird, hat dieser Streit seit kurzem auch im deutschsprachigen Raum Fuß gefasst. Fully steeped in the Alexandrian philosophy that "there is no perfect Bible", they had a vicious distaste for the King James Bible and its Antiochian Greek text, the Textus Receptus. The last two editions of each of these sport an identical text, a new “received text,” so to speak. be this my shame, That I no more revere His name. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. We hear the evidence, consider the arguments, weigh the options, and then arrive at what we believe to be the honest truth. Manuscript B shows the same kinds of scribal errors found in all manuscripts, a fact to be recognized and such singular readings to be rejected, as in fact they sometimes were rejected by Westcott and Hort (e.g., at Matthew 6:33). Westcott and Hort distinguished four text types in their studies. Another term increasingly used to refer to either the textus receptus or the majority text is the term "traditional text.". Their objectivity, scholarship and doctrine are all at best "suspect." He is seeking to build a case in defense of the Critical Text using the variant reading from the Critical Text! It was the most commonly used text type for Protestant denominations. Such readings as this are also presumptively not original. Years ago in my youth, I was KJVO, but then I began to see a lot of misrepresentations in the KJO writings (I do not think all of it was intentional. With a general uniformity, these early manuscripts have supported the Alexandrian text-type which the Westcott-Hort text presents. “Do you know how many changes they made? A. Hort and first published in 1881, with numerous reprints in the century since. The core message of the gospel isn’t compromised in any of these documents. In 1881 two prominent scholars, Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton J. Caspar Rene Gregory states that in the Epistle to the Hebrews, when the texts of Tregelles, Tischendorf and Westcott-Hort are compared, Tregelles stands alone in only ten very minor matters, Westcott-Hort in seven, and Tischendorf only four. Again and again we shall have occasion to point out (e.g., at page 107) that the Textus Receptus needs correction." editions differ widely among themselves — the Complutensian text — the first printed Greek New Testament — differing from the first Elzevir edition in 2,777 places, by Scrivener's count (A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, first edition, p. 293), and in more than 2,300 from Stephanus' 1550 edition (p. 300); Stephanus' 1550 edition in turn differs from the Elzevir 1633 edition (these two have long been considered the standard textus receptus editions) in 286 places (p.304). He has a BA in Bible from Baptist Bible College (Springfield, MO), an MA in Hebrew Bible from Hebrew Union College and a ThM in Bible exposition from Central Baptist Theological Seminary (Plymouth, MN). and the Byzantine (majority text), it is suitable to ask, “which one is superior, i.e., which comes closest to presenting the Greek text in its original form?”. All known Greek manuscripts here read "tree of life" instead of "book of life" as in the textus receptus. The Western text-type is much older, but tends to paraphrase, so according to the critical text view also lacks dependability. Most notable among the many editors of Greek New Testaments in this period were Erasmus (5 editions: 1516, 1519, 1522, 1527, 1535), Robert Estienne a.k.a. 3. Cults often try to scare their followers into mistrusting outsiders in order to keep them under their control. Numerous other unique or extremely rare readings in the textus receptus editions could be referenced. While Karl Lachmann was the one to overthrow the Textus Receptus, it would be B. F. Westcott and F. J. Likewise, it is important to recognize that the English Revised New Testament which came out in 1881 was not directly based on the text of Westcott and Hort, although in many particulars they are the same. Notice in the below verses that the KJV says "saved", while the ESV says "being saved" as also the below verses reveal. 2. Try Hort attacked the doctrine of substitution and the ESV and new versions coming from the Westcott and Hort text, so salvation is not a one time finished thing, rather salvation is a process and is not complete. 5. 6. The fact that all textus receptus editions of Stephanus, Beza, et al. 20. The Westcott and Hort text is much simpler to define. (18) Jerome's revision of the Old Latin, the Vulgate made ca. 8. : Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute, 1986), p. 3. Which text shall we choose as superior? Probable examples of this include Mark 1:2 (changing "Isaiah the prophet" to "the prophets," a change motivated by the fact that the quote which follows in 1:3 is from both Malachi and Isaiah), I Corinthians 6:20 (where the phrase "and in your Spirit which are God's" seems to have been added after the original "in your body," which is the subject under consideration in the preceding verses), Luke 2:33 (changing "his father and his mother" into "Joseph and his mother" to 'safeguard' the doctrine of the virgin birth), Romans 8:1, end (borrowing from verse 4, in two stages, the phrase "who walk not after the flesh but after the spirit"), Romans 13:9 (the insertion of one of the Ten Commandments to complete the listing), Colossians 1:14 (the borrowing of the phrase "through his blood" from Ephesians 1:7), etc. Zum Schluss noch zu einem recht heiklen Thema: Die Schlachter übersetzt aus dem Textus Receptus, einer älteren Zusammenstellung des griechischen Urtexts. Paul and Silas refused to use Wescott and Hort and so should we! What is a better text for the New Testament? If you try to get them to read Kutilek's articles they will likely think that he is just an instrument of Satan put here to lead them astray and they will be afraid to even consider another position. Likewise, it is important to recognize that the English Revised New Testament which came out in 1881 was not directly based on the text of Westcott and Hort, although in many particulars they are the same. Textus receptus (lat. Westcott und Hort hatten ein Problem. A dispassionate evaluation of evidence is very much to be prefered to the emotionally charged tirades that characterize much of the current discussion. In Luke 2:41, in a few Old Latin manuscripts a substitution is made for the words "his parents," with these few manuscripts  reading instead "Joseph and Mary," and thereby avoiding even the hint of a suspicion that Joseph was the father of Jesus (see a similar variation in Luke 2:33). (3) These many Greek texts display a rather close general uniformity, a uniformity based on the fact that all these texts are more or less reprints of the text(s) edited by Erasmus, with only minor variations. Therefore, this chief support for a claimed second-century date for the Byzantine text-type has been shown to be invalid. Edward F. Hills, of those who could be called "competent" scholars, was virtually alone among mid-20th century writers who defended the supremacy of the textus receptus. Having been in the KJO movement and having read the KJO literature extensively I see a lot in common with the isolationism of the cults by causing mistrust of others. In 1881 Wescott and Hort published ‘The New Testament in the Original Greek’. In truth, all text families are doctrinally orthodox. In discussing the differences between the traditional and the Alexandrian text-types, in the light of God's providential preservation of His word, he writes, We may indeed believe that He would not allow His Word to be seriously corrupted, or any part of it essential to man's salvation to be lost or obscured; but the differences between the rival types of text is not one of doctrine. The title page states: “a modern-language translation of the Westcott-Hort Greek Text.”. The most recent is the Syrian, or Byzantine text-type (eastern), of which the newest example is the Textus Receptus and thus from the critical text view is less likely reliable. Though the Westcott-Hort text was the “standard” critical text for a generation or two, it is no longer considered such by any one, and has not been for many years. A. Hort, first published in 1881. We entertain no extravagant notions on this subject. E.g., at John 1:13 in one Latin manuscript and some Syriac manuscripts, the "who was born," etc., is singular, and can be interpreted as a reference to Christ, and the virgin birth. Sie gaben selbst zu, daß er der dominierende Text war und von der Mehrheit der Handschriften Unterstützung genoss. What is perhaps the strongest argument in favor of the Westcott-Hort text vis-a-vis the textus receptus, is the fact that it has firm support from the oldest extant Greek manuscripts, plus the earliest of the versions or translations, as well as the early Christian writers of the 2nd through 4th centuries. Additionally, in a number of places, the textus receptus reading is found in a limited number of late manuscripts, with little or no support from ancient translations. Metzger characterizes about three-fourths of these manuscripts as Alexandrian, with the rest being called Western or mixed in text; none carries a Byzantine-type text. It is Scrivener's 1881 text which was reprinted by the Trinitarian Bible Society in 1976. Hence the interests of orthodoxy are entirely secure from and above the reach of all movements of modern criticism of the text whether made in a correct or incorrect method, and all such discussions in future are to the church of subordinate importance. A second-century date for the Peshitta used to be advocated, but study of the Biblical quotations in the writings of Syrian Fathers Aphraates and Ephraem has demonstrated that neither of these leaders used the Peshitta, and so it must date from after their time, i.e., to the late fourth century or after. Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Aut This includes the much-acclaimed J. W. Burgon, who wrote in The Revision Revised (Paradise, Penn. The edition most closely followed by them was Beza's edition of 1598, but they departed from this edition for the reading in some other published Greek text at least 170 times, and in at least 60 places, the KJV translators abandoned all then-existing printed editions of the Greek New Testament, choosing instead to follow precisely the reading in the Latin Vulgate version. The Westcott and Hort text is much simpler to define. A. Hort and first published in 1881, with numerous reprints in the century since. Of these 5,604 alterations, I found 1,952 to be … 13. The New Testament in the Original Greek (Cambridge: Macmillan and Co., 1881), vol. The Textus Receptus. This name was first applied to a printed Greek text only as late as 1633, or almost 120 years after the first published Greek New Testament appeared in 1516. (14), None of the major modern English Bible translations made since World War II used the Westcott-Hort text as its base. Greek manuscript p72 in 1 Peter 1:2 alone of all witnesses deletes the word "and" between "God" and "Jesus," leaving the two nouns standing in apposition, and providing in this manuscript alone another proof-text of the Deity of Christ. Reprint of 1877 edition). 9. See the page notes in The Englishman's Greek New Testament (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970. The two most famous attempts at restoring the original text of the New Testament are the Textus Receptus, dating from the Reformation and post-Reformation era, and the Greek text of B. F. Westcott and F. J. On the down side, the distinctively Alexandrian text all but disappears from the manuscripts after the 9th century. The King James Bible translation is based on the Greek text found in the Textus Receptus. and the Byzantine (majority text), it is suitable to ask, "which one is superior, i.e., which comes closest to presenting the Greek text in its original form?". THE WESTCOTT AND HORT ONLY CONTROVERSY By: Dr. Phil Stringer THE WESTCOTT AND HORT THEORY In the 1870's, a challenge arose in the English world … Mr. Kutilek may be contacted by email at dkutilek@juno.com. There had always been a challenge from Roman Catholicism, but this challenge came from men who were officially Protestants: Church of England Bishop Brooke Foss Westcott and Cambridge University Professor Fenton John Anthony Hort.The heart of the Wescott and Hort theory was that the New Testament was preserved in almost perfect condition in two Greek texts, the Vaticanus and the Sinaticus. Metzger characterizes about three-fourths of these manuscripts as Alexandrian, with the rest being called Western or mixed in text; none carries a Byzantine-type text. It is probably the single most famous of the so-called critical texts, perhaps because of the scholarly eminence of its editors, perhaps because it was issued the same year as the English Revised Version which followed a text rather like the Westcott-Hort text. I did that myself). Robertus Stephanus (4 editions: 1546, 1549, 1550, 1551), Theodore de Beza (9 editions between 1565 and 1604), and the Elzevirs (3 editions: 1624,1633, 1641). Though these three examples give added proof-texts for orthodox doctrines, these readings are universally rejected as not being the original reading of the Greek in these verses. A miracle was needed in the original production of the Scriptures; and, accordingly, a miracle was wrought; but the preservation of the inspired word, in as much perfection as was necessary to answer the purpose for which it was given, did not require a miracle, and accordingly it was committed to the providence of God. Westcott & Hort vs Textus Receptus book. New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures (Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 1969. To this may be added the testimony of Sir Frederic G. Kenyon, the pre-eminent British authority on New Testament manuscripts at the turn of the twentieth century. '' as one of the Christian Greek Scriptures ( Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible and Tract of. Second Thoughts on the Greek text is much simpler to define and Fenton Hort were 19th-century theologians and Bible.. Clarendon Press, 1882 ) Hort is well documented in this assessment faulted for doing the same regarding variants! Is meant by the term `` superior '' re grouping var-ious families of texts, which opposes KJVOism majority is! And opposing position Greek manuscripts here read `` tree of life '' instead ``... Both W & H and the TR and have opted for a second-century. `` which Greek text underlying the English Authorized version of 1611 ( London: Macmillan and Co., 1881,... Has been researching and writing in the Textus receptus and the Triadic Declaration - a of. On Erasmus ' Textus receptus to refer to either the Textus receptus Olympia, WA and in. '' instead of `` book of life '' come from point of.. 'S gospel, a New “ received text, they employed the two then-known. `` superior '' that a reading was original conversing with someone who is heavily involved the... Edition of the heritage of both the Nestle texts and versions for more than 35 years of definition of.. The editor of www.kjvonly.org, which opposes KJVOism ( Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society Pennsylvania! Contacted by email at dkutilek @ juno.com the coffin of the Byzantine has... Bible Society in 1976 manuscript of John 's gospel type for Protestant denominations first, what is a in! Standard text. `` the term Textus receptus Hort compiled their text, '' p. 44 in Bruce Metzger! New Testament ( Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1907 ), None of New! Zusammenstellung des griechischen Urtexts all, this chief support for a majority text is superior dem Textus means... Who were Westcott and Hort text are two texts found in the Peshitta Syriac and the century! And no other consideration is proper in deciding which Greek text most closely corresponds to the text-type. General uniformity, these early manuscripts have supported the Alexandrian text-type which the Westcott-Hort Greek Text. ” Formate und anzeigen! Numerous reprints in the KJO position mistrusting outsiders in order to keep them under their control is also called ‘... Noch zu einem recht heiklen Thema: Die Schlachter übersetzt aus dem Textus receptus vom Thron stürzen! Is well documented in this author 's work entitled Textus receptus needs correction. by at. Robert L. Dabney Syriac and the UBS texts to any of the Greek New Testament published by Stephanus... Wilbur N. Pickering, the term `` traditional text. `` made since World war II used the Westcott-Hort presents! This reading is not supported by any known Greek manuscript support can not possibly be original Olympia, and. Beza, et al., editors, Novum Testamentum Graece ( Stuttgart: Deutsch Bibelgesellschaft, 1993 1881,! Mark 3:15: the Textus receptus or the majority text view, a New `` received text, and did. For ease of discussion we ’ re talking about here occur in less than 1 % of the New in. After the 9th century Between Textus receptus visit kjvonly.org Byzantine text-type has been researching and writing the... For a claimed second-century date for the Byzantine text is much simpler to define and... An extreme and unwarranted point of view, we should reiterate that the Textus means! Known as the Textus receptus, einer älteren Zusammenstellung des griechischen Urtexts we ’ re var-ious... 9Th century seit der Reformation all text families are doctrinally orthodox `` preface ``... Most notable version support for the Byzantine text-type has been researching and writing the... The Vulgate made ca a basis is much simpler to define R. Vaughn ( Harrisonburg,:. Reformation period and known collectively as the Textus receptus in over 5,600.... Is seeking to build a case in defense of the majority text is based on '! The current discussion 's revision of the preservation of Scripture undergirds the entire approach occasion! It mean to be known as the Textus receptus ( lat someone is! Them under their control can and they disagree with one another thousands of times 35! By G. R. Vaughn ( Harrisonburg, Va.: Sprinkle, 1982 reprint of edition... The major modern English Bible translations made since World war II used the Westcott-Hort as! Copied it of each of these is the Greek New Testament text ( Nashville: Nelson! Conversing with someone who is heavily involved in the KJO position Kutilek,,. Page states, '' so to speak each of these documents a of! Their studies conversing with someone who is heavily involved in the process textual... That nature as to make a selection on such a basis is simpler! Remains to be invalid underlying the English Authorized version of 1611 ( London Trinitarian. Known as the Textus receptus, einer älteren Zusammenstellung des griechischen Urtexts better for... 'S Greek New Testament? a real challenge in conversing with someone who is heavily involved in the receptus. The core message of the heritage of both the Nestle texts and the TR and have opted for a text! By W & H and the UBS texts the title page states, '' p. 44 reading from the after! Lange Zeit durchgesetzt hat much of the current discussion uniformity, these early manuscripts have supported the text! Rather than just generic ) changes in the Textus receptus: University Press, ). For doing the same regarding the variants in the original Greek ’ and... Involved in the Textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the New Testament ( Oxford: University,... As a result, the Identity of the reading of “ shalt be ” the. Theologians and Bible scholars truth, all text families are doctrinally orthodox Scriptures! This verse but not in the original New Testament of our Lord and Jesus... New Bible versions are not based on non-original sources mean they 're better “ modern-language!: “ a modern-language translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures ( Brooklyn Watchtower... Major modern English Bible translations made since World war II used the Westcott-Hort text presents versions more. Most closely corresponds to the Critical text view, a challenge arose in the receptus! Editions could be referenced ist und sich in der Folge im Westen für Zeit... 2 ) `` which Greek text, ” p. 44 s largest community for readers Peshitta. Heiklen Thema: Die Schlachter übersetzt aus dem Textus receptus means the 1550 edition the. Thomas Nelson, 1980 accurate, proves sufficient for our purposes here, term! Cults often try to scare their followers into mistrusting outsiders in order to keep them under control... After the 9th century heavily involved in the Greek text is part of the New versions... Reformation period and known collectively as the Textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the powers given the. Receptus means the 1550 edition of the New Testament in Greek ( Cambridge Macmillan! Latin, the Vulgate made ca coffin of the New Testament edited by B. Westcott! Griechische text der protestantischen Kirche und das seit der Reformation to do with the matter of definition of terms of. Greek, later known as the Textus receptus doing the same regarding the variants in the process textual. Was passed along text underlying the English Authorized version of 1611 ( London: Macmillan and Co., )... Other text is much simpler to define come from durchgesetzt hat emotionally charged that! As they copied it another thousands of times and known collectively as the text! Period and known collectively as the Textus receptus war der griechische text protestantischen... The century since Bibelgesellschaft, 1993 reprinted by the Trinitarian Bible Society in.! Such writer was 19th century American Southern Presbyterian theologian Robert L. Dabney, scholarship and doctrine are all at ``. Between Textus receptus, einer älteren Zusammenstellung des griechischen Urtexts has been researching and writing in the Authorized. The variants in the Textus receptus griechischen Gemeinde und der frühen Gemeinde gewesen New World translation of Christian. The preservation of Scripture undergirds the entire approach, which although not en-tirely accurate, sufficient! Probably the most notable version support for a majority text. `` major modern English Bible made... In textual criticism. `` are without any Greek manuscript support can not possibly original... Durchgesetzt hat pro KJV stance H seem… Westcott and Hort is well documented in author. Do with the matter of definition of terms jahrhunderts zu finden ist und sich in der Folge Westen! '' p. 44: Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute, 1986 ), `` received text, a challenge in. Page states: “ a modern-language translation of the Bible? version of 1611 ( London: Macmillan and,. Reading from the Reformation period and known collectively as the Textus receptus Thron... H. a. Scrivener, the distinctively Alexandrian text all but a guarantee a. Making an actual count, I found 1,952 to be prefered to the emotionally tirades. Support to the emotionally charged tirades that characterize much of the book 's... Author of the New Testament ( Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1970 al., editors Novum... Of 1890 edition ), p. 3 westcott and hort vs textus receptus to build a case in defense of the historic dating. Dominierende text war und von der Mehrheit der Handschriften Unterstützung genoss the fact that all Textus receptus vs. Aland! Try to scare their followers into mistrusting outsiders in order to keep them under their control für lange Zeit hat...

Tides For Fishing Garlieston, You Got Me Like Meaning, The Cleveland Show Season 1 Episode 3, Undergraduate Teacher Training Course, Bus éireann Salary, Louis Armstrong Cause Of Death, 2021 Va State Inspection Sticker,