Pope Alexander VI was born on January 1, 1431 and died on August 18, 1503. John Burchard, a sort of living papal Captain's Log, recorded Alexander VI's gruesome death. She was known as Giulia la bella , meaning "Julia the beautiful" in Italian. In 1492, following the death of Pope Innocent VIII, Borgia emerged as the Pope with an unprecedented show of coercion and corruption, and held the office until his death in 1503. References: Among the fiefs destined for the Duke of Gandia were Cervetri and Anguillara, lately acquired by Virginio Orsini, head of that powerful and turbulent house, with the pecuniary help of Ferdinand of Aragon, king of Naples (Don Ferrante). of the Borgia, Geoffrey Parker editor and translator (1963); Chamberlin, E. R., sale of indulgences. by Fire: the medieval mind and the Renaissance : portrait of an age (1992). Alexander allowed the French into Italy in exchange for the use of their troops to conquer the Romagna region. Cesare then returned to Rome, where his father wished him to assist Giuffre in reducing the last Orsini strongholds; this for some reason he was unwilling to do, much to Alexander's annoyance, but he eventually marched out, captured Ceri and made peace with Giulio Orsini, who surrendered Bracciano. Papacy of Pope Pius III. Among the most notorious of all papacies, Borgia’s family was the inspiration for Mario Puzo’s Godfather books. Pope Alexander VI (January 1, 1431 – August 18, 1503), born Rodrigo Borja (Italian: Rodrigo Borgia), Pope from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the Popes of the Renaissance, whose surname became a byword for low standards in the papacy of that era.More interested in wealth and power than in theology or spirituality, he was in reality a secular and not a religious leader. One of the men took With this, Montini selected the papal name Paul VI. He encountered the allies at Fornovo, and after a drawn battle cut his way through them and was back in France by November; Ferdinand II with Spanish help was reinstated at Naples soon afterwards. On the day of his election, Julius II declared that he would not live in the same room that Borgia had lived in. Papal Conclave of September 1503. Before his elevation to the papacy Cardinal Borgia's passion for Vannozza somewhat diminished, and she subsequently led a very retired life. Alexander VI, given name Rodrigo Borgia, Roman Catholic Pope from 1492 until his death, is the most memorable of the corrupt and secular popes of the Renaissance. Terrified, the cardinal surrendered the keys, whereupon the others entered the "Alexander VI's stomach became swollen and turned to liquid, while his face became wine-coloured and his skin began to peel off. Quart.Review, April, 1900.] He was born at Xativa, near Valencia in Spain, and his father's surname was Lanzol or Llançol; that of his mother's family, Borgia or Borja, was assumed by him on the elevation of his maternal uncle to the papacy as Callixtus III (April 8, 1455). (Age 39) chart Placidus Equal_H. The new Pope loved the good life. Headed by patriarch Rodrigo Borgia—who became Pope Alexander VI—the family was comprised of his four children: Cesare, Juan, Lucrezia, and Jofre, and they were accused of everything from buying the papal election to incest, with lots more in between. No wax tapers or lights were used, and no priests or any other persons attended to his body. Her mother was Vannozza dei Cattanei, one of the mistresses of Lucrezia's father, Cardinal Rodrigo de Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI). Alexander VI wanted to make his son great, but had no troops he could rely on. The nose was swollen, the mouth distended where the tongue was doubled over, and the lips seemed to fill everything. This brought the latter into conflict with Alexander, who determined to revenge himself by making an alliance with the king's enemies, especially the Sforza family, lords of Milan. 2. Four confessors recited the Office of the Dead as they sat on the window-frame with their hands resting on the pope's litter, which was supported by paupers who stood at hand gazing at the body [it was customary to pay paupers to attend funerals]. The sale of Cardinalships was a major source of cash, so too was the Born: 1-Jan -1431. . style, to fill the coffers for his political bribes and to fund his various military Born: 1-Jan-1431Birthplace: Játiva, SpainDied: 18-Aug-1503Location of death: Rome, ItalyCause of death: unspecifiedRemains: Buried, Iglesia de Santiago y Montserrat, Rome, Italy, Gender: MaleReligion: Roman CatholicRace or Ethnicity: HispanicSexual orientation: StraightOccupation: Religion, Nationality: ItalyExecutive summary: Divided the New World for Portugal, Spain. But his military force was uncertain, for the condottieri were not to be trusted. Rodrigo Borgia, the baby boy who would become Pope Alexander VI, one of the most infamous Popes of all time, was born in Valencia, Spain on New Year's Day in 1431. By the dawn of the Renaissance, however, the mission of the papacy had been corrupted by the conflict between its sacred duties as the Vicar of Chr… The Pope followed up the blow by proceeding against the Orsini with greater success than formerly. Rumours that he was poisonedare probably false. by the name of Martin Luther to nail a summary of his grievances on the door Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo Lanzol Borja was Pope from 1492 until his death on 18 August 1503. But in spite of the splendors of the court, the condition of Rome became every day more deplorable. cit.) Remains: Buried, Iglesia de Santiago y Montserrat, Rome, Italy. Alexander now feared that the king might depose him for simony and summon a council, but he won over the bishop of St. Malo, who had much influence over the king, with a cardinal's hat, and agreed to send Cesare, as legate, to Naples with the French army, to deliver Jem to Charles and to give him Civitavecchia (January 16, 1495). ... With coolness and skill Caesar decoyed the conspirators into his power and put them to death. Death of Mate 1498 (Second husband killed by brother) Relationship : Marriage 1501 (Duke Alfonso of Ferrara) Death of Father 1503 (Pope Alexander VI) Death, Cause unspecified 24 June 1519 (greg.) "Alexander VI's stomach became swollen and turned to liquid, while his face became wine-coloured and his skin began to peel off. During her early life, Lucrezia Borgia's education was entrusted to Adriana Orsini de Milan, a close confidant of her father. Explore Alexander Pope's biography, personal life, family and cause of death. Discover the real story, facts, and details of Alexander Pope. Although ecclesiastical corruption was then at its height, his riotous mode of life called down upon him a very severe reprimand from Pope Pius II, who succeeded Calixtus III in 1458. Charles of France now advanced formal claims on the kingdom, and Alexander drew him to his side and authorized him to pass through Rome ostensibly on a crusade against the Turks, without mentioning Naples. Pope Alexander VI wanted to stretch the Papal States, and this threatened Sforza’s governing states of Imola and Forli. Alexander was not the only person responsible for the general unrest in Italy and the foreign invasions, but he was ever ready to profit by them. Gender: Male. A notorious reputation precedes her, and she is inextricably, … This year was a jubilee year, and crowds of pilgrims flocked to the city from all parts of the world bringing money for the purchase of indulgences, so that Alexander was able to furnish Cesare with funds for his enterprise. He offered to help Louis on condition that Sicily begiven to Cesare, and then offered to help Spain in exchange for Siena, Pisa and Bologna. Borgia, by a bare two-thirds majority secured by his own vote, was proclaimed Pope on the morning of 11 Aug., 1492, and took the name of Alexander VI. [For details of the conclave see Pastor, "Hist. had neither the virtues which befit the Supreme Pontificate of Christendom, nor those of any ordinary man. For many of his misdeeds his terrible son Cesare was responsible, but of others the pope cannot be acquitted. Before the death of Alexander VI, Rome was filled with political instability. But through the intervention of the Spanish ambassador he made peace with Naples in July 1493 and also with the Orsini; the peace was cemented by a marriage between the pope's son Giuffre and Doña Sancha, Ferdinand's granddaughter. The service was also attended by five cardinals - Serra, Francesco Borgia, Giovanni Castelar, Casanova and de Loris of Constantinople - to whom His Holiness stated that he felt ill. 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